sábado, 19 de abril de 2008

BREVE BIOGRAFIA DE KANT


Immanuel Kant nació en 1724 y murió en 1804, filósofo alemán, considerado por muchos como el pensador más influyente de la era moderna.

Nacido en Königsberg (ahora, Kaliningrado, Rusia) el 22 de abril de 1724, Kant se educó en el Collegium Fredericianum y en la Universidad de Königsberg. En la escuela estudió sobre todo a los clásicos y en la universidad, física y matemáticas. Tras la muerte de su padre, tuvo que abandonar sus estudios universitarios y ganarse la vida como tutor privado. En 1755, ayudado por un amigo, reanudó sus estudios y obtuvo el doctorado. Después, enseñó en la universidad durante 15 años, y dio conferencias primero de ciencias y matemáticas, para llegar de forma paulatina a disertar sobre casi todas las ramas de la filosofía.

Aunque las conferencias y escritos de Kant durante este periodo le dieron reputación como filósofo original, no se le concedió una cátedra en la universidad hasta 1770, cuando se le designó profesor de lógicay metafísica. Durante los 27 años siguientes continuó dedicado a su labor profesoral y atrayendo a un gran número de estudiantes a Königsberg. Las enseñanzas religiosas nada ortodoxas de Kant, que se basaban más en el racionalismo que en la revelación divina, le crearon problemas con el Gobierno de Prusia y en 1792 Federico Guillermo II, rey de esa nación, le prohibió impartir clases o escribir sobre asuntos religiosos. Kant obedeció esta orden durante cinco años, hasta la muerte del rey, y entonces se sintió liberado de su obligación. En 1798, ya retirado de la docencia universitaria, publicó un epítome donde se contenía una expresión de sus ideas de materia religiosa. Murió el 12 de febrero de 1804.

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